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DEFID2

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A spatio-temporal database of disturbances in European forests caused by insects and diseases.

Contributors

Agata Elia; Alberto Hornero; Alessandro Andriolo; Alessandro Cescatti; Ana Bastos; Andrea Battisti; Andrei Buzatu; Angel Fernandez-Carillo; Bernd Eckhardt; Christo Nikolov; Constantin Netoiu; Constantin Nistor; Davide Nardi; Eduardo Pérez-Laorga; Fernando Castedo Dorado; Flavius Bălacenoiu; Flor Álvarez Taboada; Francesco Mugnai; Francesco Paoli; Giovanni Caudullo; Giovanni Forzieri; Henrik Hartmann; Hugo Mas; Ján Ferenčík; Jose Luis Quero; Leonardo Marianelli; Loïc Paul Dutrieux; Lumír Dobrovolný; Marek Mlčoušek; María Josefa Lombardero; Marius Paraschiv; Marius Rüetschi; Mihai-Leonard Duduman; Nicolai Olenici; Per-Ola Olsson; Petr Lukeš; Pieter Simon Alexander Beck; Rocío Hernández-Clemente; Samuli Junttila; Savulescu Ionut; Sophie Stroheker; Zdeněk Patočka

How to cite

Forzieri, Giovanni; Dutrieux, Loïc Paul; Elia, Agata; Eckhardt, Bernd; Caudullo, Giovanni; Álvarez Taboada, Flor; Andriolo, Alessandro; Balacenoiu, Flavius; Bastos, Ana; Buzatu, Andrei; Castedo Dorado, Fernando; Dobrovolny, Lumir; Duduman, Mihai-Leonard; Fernandez-Carillo, Angel; Hernández-Clemente, Rocío; Hornero, Alberto; Ionut, Savulescu; Lombardero, María Josefa; Junttila, Samuli; Lukes, Petr; Marianelli, Leonardo; Mas, Hugo; Mlcousek, Marek; Mugnai, Francesco; Netoiu, Constantin; Nikolov, Christo; Olenici, Nicolai; Olsson, Per-Ola; Paoli, Francesco; Paraschiv, Marius; Patocka, Zdenek; Pérez-Laorga, Eduardo; Quero, Jose Luis; Rüetschi, Marius; Stroheker, Sophie; Nardi, Davide; Ferencik, Jan; Battisti, Andrea; Hartmann, Henrik; Nistor, Constantin; Cescatti, Alessandro; Beck, Pieter Simon Alexander (2026): DEFID2. European Commission, Joint Research Centre [Dataset] doi: 10.2905/JRC.CW8XRRG PID: http://data.europa.eu/89h/6b2a1a59-5f8a-4bd4-9570-da967f45fd2b

Keywords

bark beetlesclimate changeearth observationforest pestsplant pestsremote sensing

Data access

DEFID2 database
CSV

CSV – comma-separated values – files store tabular data (numbers and text) in plain text. Each line of the file is a data record. Each record consists of one or more fields, separated by commas.
Downloadable file

A downloadable file for the dataset.

Use conditions
European Commission reuse notice

According to the European Commission reuse notice, reuse is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged. The reuse policy of the European Commission is implemented by the Decision of 12 December 2011. The general principle of reuse can be subject to conditions which may be specified in individual copyright notices. Therefore users are advised to refer to the copyright notices of the individual websites maintained under Europa and of the individual documents. Reuse is not applicable to documents subject to intellectual property rights of third parties.

Access conditions
No limitations

Anybody can directly and anonymously access the data, without being required to register or authenticate.

  • Open access data repository containing the database of reported disturbance events, the DEFID2 extension file and a reconstructed vector file for use with GIS software

Publications

Publication
The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2
Forzieri, G., Dutrieux, L. P., Elia, A., Eckhardt, B., Caudullo, G., Álvarez Taboada, F., Andriolo, A., Bălacenoiu, F., Bastos, A., Buzatu, A., Castedo Dorado, F., Dobrovolný, L., Duduman, M.-L., Fernandez-Carillo, A., Hernández-Clemente, R., Hornero, A., Ionut, S., Lombardero, M. J., Junttila, S., Lukeš, P., Marianelli, L., Mas, H., Mlčoušek, M., Mugnai, F., Netoiu, C., Nikolov, C., Olenici, N., Olsson, P.-O., Paoli, F., Paraschiv, M., Patočka, Z., Pérez-Laorga, E., Quero, J. L., Rüetschi, M., Stroheker, S., Nardi, D., Ferencik, J., Battisti, A., Hartmann, H., Nistor, C., Cescatti, A., Beck, P. S. A., 2023. The Database of European Forest Insect and Disease Disturbances: DEFID2. Global Change Biology, 29(21): 6040-6065

Temporal coverage

From date To date
1963-01-01 2021-01-01

Additional information

Published by
European Commission, Joint Research Centre
Contact email
JRC-DEFID2 (at) ec.europa.eu
Update frequency
irregular

The event occurs at uneven intervals.

Data theme(s)
Agriculture, fisheries, forestry and food

dataset theme covering the domains of agriculture which involves the cultivation of plants and livestock; fisheries which focuses on the harvesting of fish from wild or farmed sources; forestry which relates to the management and conservation of forests and woodlands; and food which includes substances that provide nutritional support to organisms
Environment

dataset theme covering the domain of environment, defined as the interaction of all living species, climate, weather, and natural resources that impact human survival and economic activity
Science and technology

dataset theme covering the domains of science and technology, with science being the systematic pursuit of knowledge through testable explanations and predictions across natural, social, and formal disciplines, and technology encompassing the collective techniques, skills, methods, and processes used in producing goods, providing services, or achieving objectives like scientific research

Geographical name(s)
Europe
Issued date
2023-07-21
Created date
24 Jul 2023 15:12
Modified date
12 Nov 2025 13:46
Landing page
https://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/en/activities/forest-and-tree-pests 
Dataset identifier
http://data.europa.eu/89h/6b2a1a59-5f8a-4bd4-9570-da967f45fd2b
Other identifiers
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