A composite indicator reflecting the relative flood risk within urban areas by taking into account the natural exposure (predicted flooded area and mean depth), and the sensitivity of the city to flooding (population and infrastructure affected).

This indicator measures the temporal concentration of tourism activity throughout the year, potentially revealing unbalanced pressure and economic activity, as well as vulnerability to demand shocks. As such, a high seasonality is potentially detrimental for s...

This indicator measures the average economic value generated per night spent at the tourist destination, revealing tourism contribution to the economy of the destination country. The average tourism expenditure was adjusted taking into account the living costs...

This descriptor measures the average duration of stays at tourist accommodation establishments. It is calculated by dividing the total number of nights spent by the total number of tourist arrivals. Longer lengths of stay can potentially generate higher touris...

Modelled average travel distances in 2010 and 2050 according to LUISA projections and a spatial interaction model. The results are based on a number of simulation-specific assumptions but are instrumental in informing on the relative potential for sustainable ...

The indicator presented here measures the share of Green Infrastructure at different regional levels (in %). Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a strategically planned and delivered network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features (EC...

Daily accessibility indicates the amount of people that live within four hours of driving from the location at hand.The level of detail of this indicator is per NUTS0 and NUTS2. Additional publications: 1. Jacobs-Crisioni C, Batista e Silva F, Lavalle C, et...

The LUISA Base Map 2012 is a high-resolution land use/land cover map developed and produced by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. It corresponds to a modified and improved version of the CORINE Land Cover 2012 map. Compared to CORINE, the L...

Annual rate of change in urban population proportion - proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classification of LAU2s as cities, towns and suburbs is based on the LUISA degree of u...

Built-up areas measures the total built-up area as a share of the total surface area of land in the country expressed in percentage. The indicator presents data for the year 2010, 2020, 2030, 2040 and 2050 at NUTSx for all EU 28 Member States.

Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features. GI includes natural and semi-natural areas, features and green spaces in rural and urban, terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine areas. This i...

Percentage of residential houses, which have been built before 1950. Based on National Census and building stock statistics.

Tourism intensity is calculated by dividing the number of nights spent at tourist accommodations by the resident population. It is an indicator of economic dependence on tourism, potentially revealing overtourism and vulnerability to demand shocks when values ...

Tourism density is defined as the total number of nights spent over a year in a tourist destination (country or region) per square kilometre of land of the tourist destination. Very high values may signal possible crowding and/or environmental pressures. This ...

Percentage of residential houses, which have been built after 1980. Based on National Census and building stock statistics.

The Corine Land Cover 2006 - refined version (CLC06r) corresponds to a modified and improved version of the original CORINE Land Cover 2006 (CLC06) map (version 15). The CLC06r has an improved mimimum mapping unit of 1 hectare for all types of artificial surfa...

Removal by urban vegetation was calculated as the product of deposition velocity and NO2 concentration. Air pollutant deposition velocity was assessed following the approach proposed by Pistocchi et al. (2010) that estimates deposition velocity (DV) as a linea...

The indicator is defined as the amount of biomass produced from dedicated energy crops over the total surface area. The unit of measurement is thousands of tons per hectare.

This indicator measures the annual mean concentrations of NO2 (µg/m3). NO2 is one of the main pollutants emitted by road vehicles, shipping, power generation industry and households. Because of its high impact on human health, the EU Air Quality Directive (200...