Land-Use based Integrated Sustainability Assessment modelling platform

This dataset describes the FRAGs (Functional Rural Area at the Grid level) and FRAUs (Functional Rural Area at the local administrative Unit level) as described in the JRC working ...

This indicator measures the annual mean concentrations of PM10 (µg / m3). PM10 is one of the main pollutants emitted by household and (to a lower extent) commercial and institution...

Total quantity of PM10 emitted by human activities (100 kg/year).

This indicator measures the total number of people exposed to an annual mean concentrations of PM10 exceeding 30 microgram /m3 of air. PM10 is one of the main pollutants emitted by...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of PM2.5 (sub-25µm particulate matter in 100 kg/year) emissions over Europe.

This indicator sums up populations (total number of inhabitants) issued from LUISA model runs at a specified administrative level.

Total population divided by total area (person/km2). This indicator is calculated by dividing the projected population in a region by the total area of the region.

Historical population data from 1961 to 2011, based on a project supported by the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (see Gløersen and Lüer, 2013, population data co...

Historical (observations) data and projections (modelled) of total population per metro region. Historical regional data were extracted from EUROSTAT's online database and missing...

Population weighted density refers to a metric which measures the density at which the average citizen lives. It is calculated by taking weighted average of the density of all parc...

Annual rate of change in urban population proportion (proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 classified as cities, towns and suburbs. The classifica...

This indicator estimates the capacity of urban ecosystems to provide recreational opportunities. These include a wide variety of practices ranging from walking, jogging or running ...

This indicator cover the land classified as urban, industrial and commercial and urban green leisure. It provides data on residential, industrial and commercial areas per inhabita...

Percentage of residential houses, which have been built after 1980. Based on National Census and building stock statistics.

Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features. GI includes natural and semi-natural areas, features and green spac...

Share of the land classified as urban, industrial and commercial and urban green leisure. The indicator represents a percentage (%) of residential, industrial and commercial areas...

Percentage of residential houses, which have been built before 1950. Based on National Census and building stock statistics.

The indicator first identifies the minimum number of public transport stops that could serve 80% of a city’s total population, and second computes the average distance between the ...

Urban population proportion. Proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classification of LAU2s as citie...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of CO (Carbon monixide) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This is the first...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of NH3 (Ammonia) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This is the first versio...

To simulate NO2 and PM10 at very high resolution (100 m), a Land Use Regression model (LUR) was built using pollutant concentrations for 2010 from monitoring sites as dependent var...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of NOx (Nitrogen oxides) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This is the firs...

Land Use Regression mode (LUR), were used to simulate PM10 concentrations at very high resolution (100m) built using pollutant concentrations for 2010 from monitoring sites as depe...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of PM10 (sub-10µm particulate matter) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. Thi...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of PM25 (sub-25µm particulate matter) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. Thi...

Removal by urban vegetation was calculated as the product of deposition velocity and NO2 concentration. Air pollutant deposition velocity was assessed following the approach propos...

Removal by urban vegetation was calculated as the product of deposition velocity and PM10 concentration in areas covered by vegetation. Air pollutant deposition velocity was assess...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of SO2 (Sulphur dioxide) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This is the firs...

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of VOC (volatile organic compound) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This i...

Build-up areas cover the land classified as urban, industrial and abandoned urban and industrial. Land take means the total land taken by built-up areas, in other words the amount ...

Build-up areas cover the land classified as urban, industrial and abandoned urban and industrial. Annual land take means the total land taken by built-up areas in a yearly basis, i...

Annual rate of change in urban population proportion - proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classi...

Build-up areas cover the land classified as urban, industrial and abandoned urban and industrial. Besides the built-up areas, artificial areas cover the infrastructure and the gree...

Modelled average travel distances in 2010 and 2050 according to LUISA projections and a spatial interaction model. The results are based on a number of simulation-specific assumpti...

A functional urban area consists of a city plus its commuting zone. This was formerly known as LUZ (larger urban zone). The source for the boundaries is: EuroGeographics Associatio...

Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a strategically planned and delivered network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features that are structurally and functi...

This indicator sums up populations issued from LUISA model runs at a specified administrative level.

Population weighted density refers to a metric which measures the density at which the average citizen lives. It is calculated by taking weighted average of the density of all parc...

Potential accessibility computed as, for each origin point, the sum of people at destinations divided by a transformation of travel time to those destinations. The transformation o...

Public, local, nature-based, outdoor recreational activities include a wide variety of practices ranging from walking, jogging or running in the closest green urban area or at the ...

Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a strategically planned and delivered network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features that are structurally and functi...

A composite indicator reflecting the relative flood risk within urban areas by taking into account the natural exposure (predicted flooded area and mean depth), and the sensitivity...

Urban population proportion. Proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classification of LAU2s as citie...

The indicator measures the access to broadband and the quality of the connection in each municipality. The broadband speed has been classified into three different categories acc...

Projected potential accessibility according to the EU Reference scenario, 2010 - 2050.

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of CO2 (Carbon dioxide) emissions over Europe. The total emissions for each country are derived from the GAINS model. This is the first...

The Corine Land Cover 2006 - refined version (CLC06r) corresponds to a modified and improved version of the original CORINE Land Cover 2006 (CLC06) map (version 15). The CLC06r has...

The European Population Map 2006 is a digital raster grid that reports the number of residents (night-time population) per 100 x 100 meter cells. It has been produced by downscalin...

Data describing accurately aggregated travel times used to set up more accurate travel time models, given spatial interaction and aggregated interacting bodies. These have been use...

Projected land-use/cover maps, 2010 - 2050.

Gross domestic product (GDP) is defined by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) as standard measure of the value of final goods and services produced b...

The land function provision of leisure refers to the access to recreational services including cultural landscapes. The indicator Recreation Potential reflects the potential opport...

The indicator Water consumption is the result of the water use model which allocates sectorial statistical data on freshwater consumption. The level of detail of this indicator is...

The indicator reflects productivity in terms of water use, so gives a measure of a country's water use efficiency.

The food and feed production indicator aims to assess the intensity of the agricultural production in Europe. The unit of measurement is thousands of tons per hectare.

The indicator is defined as the amount of biomass produced from dedicated energy crops over the total surface area. The unit of measurement is thousands of tons per hectare.

The indicator is defined as the amount of energy content of the biomass harvested from dedicated energy crops over the total surface area. The unit of measurement is Giga Joules pe...

The share of residential areas over the total land area indicator aims to assess the proportion of land used for residential, sport and leisure purposes and green urban areas over ...

The residential areas per inhabitant indicator measures the land consumption by comparing the size of the urban fabric with the population expressed in sq. m per mn inhabitants (m2...

This indicator is calculated by dividing the projected population in a region by the region total area. The level of spatial detail of this indicator is per NUTS0 and NUTS2.

The share of industrial-commercial-services areas over the total land area indicator aims to assess the proportion of land used for economic activities over the total surface area....

The industrial/commercial/services (ICS) economic output per unit of ICS area- is the ratio of the Gross Value Added (GVA) of the industrial, commercial and services sectors by the...

Built-up areas measures the total built-up area as a share of the total surface area of land in the country expressed in percentage. The indicator presents data for the year 2010, ...

The built-up area per inhabitant measure the land consumption by comparing the size of the built-up areas with the population expressed in sq. m per inhabitant (m2 per person). The...

Potential accessibility indicator measures the potential amount of interactions one may have at different points in space. Crucial are the amount of potential interaction destinati...

Network efficiency is an index that indicates the distance between the connectivity offered by an existing, planned or modelled transport network and the connectivity offered by an...

Location accessibility indicates the travel times to the largest cities in the country or neighbouring countries. The level of detail of this indicator is per NUTS0 and NUTS2. Add...

Daily accessibility indicates the amount of people that live within four hours of driving from the location at hand.The level of detail of this indicator is per NUTS0 and NUTS2. A...

Removal capacity is calculated as the product of dry deposition velocity and pollutant concentration (Wesely and Hicks, 2000), derived on the context of the LUISA modelling platfor...

The EU urban population exposed to PM10 concentrations exceeding the daily limit value on more than 35 days in a year measures the percentage of population in urban areas exposed t...

The EU urban population exposure to air pollution by particulate matter indicator shows the population weighted annual mean concentration of PM10 in agglomerations expressed in ug/...

The indicator measures the capacity of ecosystems to avoid soil erosion assigning values ranging from 0 to 1 at pixel level, covering the EU-28 territory. This indicator is related...

Soil retention, is calculated as soil loss without vegetation cover minus soil loss including the current land use/cover pattern. Specifically, this indicator takes into account cl...

The C-stocks change indicator estimates the change in the stocks of carbon in organic compounds in mineral soils (Mt C year-1) and CO2 emissions or removals (Mt CO2 equivalent year...

The indicator presented here measures the share of Green Infrastructure at different regional levels (in %). Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a strategically planned and del...

The indicator measures the degree to which species movements between different parts of the landscape are interrupted by barriers. The more barriers fragmenting the landscape, the ...

Projected population distribution maps from 2010 to 2050.

This indicator provides a measure of the surfaces of artificial areas per inhabitant (in square meters) for a specific year. Build-up areas correspond to land classified as urban, ...

Modelled average travel distances in 2010 and 2050 according to LUISA projections and a spatial interaction model (unit:meters). The results are based on a number of simulation-spe...

Historical (observations) data and projections (modelled) of total employment per metro region (unit:employees). Historical regional data were extracted from EUROSTAT's online data...

A composite indicator reflecting the relative flood risk within urban areas by taking into account the natural exposure (predicted flooded area and mean depth), and the sensitivity...

Historical (observations) data and projections (modelled) of total GDP per capita in purchasing power parities (PPS) per metro region (unit:Thousand Euros). Historical regional dat...

Historical (observations) data and projections (modelled) of total GDP per person employed in purchasing power parities (PPS) per metro region. Historical regional data of GDP per ...

Historical (observations) data and projections (modelled) of total GDP in purchasing power parities (PPS) per metro region. Historical regional data of GVA were extracted from EURO...

Green Infrastructure (GI) is defined as a network of high quality green spaces and other environmental features. GI includes natural and semi-natural areas, features and green spac...

Build-up areas cover the land classified as urban, industrial and abandoned urban and industrial. Land take means the total land taken by built-up areas, in other words the amount ...

This indicator measures the annual mean concentrations of NO2 (µg/m3). NO2 is one of the main pollutants emitted by road vehicles, shipping, power generation industry and household...

The indicator measures the total number of people exposed to an annual mean concentrations of NO2 superior to 40 micro gram/m3 of air (unit:persons). NO2 is one of the main polluta...

Total quantity of NOx emitted by human activities (100kg/year).

This dataset describes the inferred central role of settlements, established by repeatedly verifying if a settlement is the largest for incremental car travel time bands. UNIT OF M...

This descriptor measures the share of protected/designated land belonging to the European networks Natura 2000 or Emerald Network in relation to the total area of the country or re...

This indicator is an estimate of the total contribution of the tourism activity to employment in a country or region. It represents the net overall effect of tourist arrivals at ac...

This indicator measures the percentage of tourism ecosystem enterprises with online sales. It is based on data collected by the National Statistical Institutes through questionnair...

This indicator measures the dependence of a country’s tourism on distant international markets. It is calculated as the share of nights spent at accommodation establishments by for...

This indicator measures the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by the tourism ecosystem per Million Euro of Gross Value Added (GVA) in the tourism sector. This indic...

This indicator measures the share of tourism ecosystem enterprises providing ICT training to their personnel. It is based on data collected by the National Statistical Institutes t...

This descriptor measures the dependence on international markets for tourism demand, revealing exposure to risks related to international travel restrictions and other demand shock...

This descriptor shows the number of “blue flag” certifications awarded to beaches, marinas and sustainable boating tourism operators. Blue flags are awarded annually for their high...

This indicator measures the temporal concentration of tourism activity throughout the year, potentially revealing unbalanced pressure and economic activity, as well as vulnerabilit...

This descriptor measures the total number of nights spent at tourist accommodation establishments in a destination (country or region) in a given year, from both domestic and forei...

This indicator measures the average economic value generated per night spent at the tourist destination, revealing tourism contribution to the economy of the destination country. T...

This indicator measures the dependence on specific international markets, revealing exposure to risks related to specific international travel restrictions and other demand shocks....

This descriptor measures the number of bed-places at tourism accommodation establishments available at a destination (country or region) in a given year. It provides an account of ...

This indicator measures the percentage of tourism ecosystem enterprises seeking ICT specialists. It is based on data collected by the National Statistical Institutes through questi...

This indicator measures the quality of bathing waters. It is calculated as the share of sampled bathing water sites that are classified as "excellent" within a tourist destination....

Tourism energy intensity is defined as the amount of energy used in tourism-related economic activities per Million Euro of Gross Value Added (GVA) in the tourism sector, indicatin...

The occupancy rate is the percentage of time within a year that available bed-places within a tourist destination (country of region) are occupied with tourists. It provides an ind...

This descriptor shows the number of World Heritage Sites designated by UNESCO. To be included in the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding value on the basis of cultura...

Tourism intensity is calculated by dividing the number of nights spent at tourist accommodations by the resident population. It is an indicator of economic dependence on tourism, p...

Tourism density is defined as the total number of nights spent over a year in a tourist destination (country or region) per square kilometre of land of the tourist destination. Ver...

This indicator is a proxy for the online presence of the tourism accommodation capacity. It relates the observed number of tourist accommodation rooms (in hotel and short-term rent...

This indicator measures the maximum available speed of internet connection at tourism destinations (municipality level), considering both fixed and mobile networks. It is based on ...

This descriptor classifies each tourism destination according to one of the following six tourism typologies: urban (or city tourism), coastal, nature, rural, snowy mountain, and m...

This indicator is an estimate of the average amount of CO2 emitted per air passenger per reporting country. It is calculated by dividing the amount of CO2 emitted by all passenger ...

This descriptor measures the degree of fall and recovery of tourism demand after the breakout of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is calculated as the proportion of nights spent in a give...

This indicator is calculated as the share of tourism ecosystem enterprises using two or more social media (having a user profile, an account or a user license). It is based on data...

This descriptor measures the total number of arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments in a destination (country or region) in a given year, from both domestic and foreign t...

This descriptor measures the average duration of stays at tourist accommodation establishments. It is calculated by dividing the total number of nights spent by the total number of...

This indicator measures the diversity of tourism activity within a destination. The indicator is calculated as the Shannon diversity index of the distribution of tourism accommodat...

This indicator measures the relative importance of sustainable means of transportation within a tourism destination, proxied by the share of trips using train as mode of transporta...

This dataset describes counterfactual public transport networks that were simulated for 36 world cities, and the aggregate data discussed in the paper in which these data are publi...

The LUISA Base Map 2018 is a high-resolution land use/land cover map developed and produced by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. It corresponds to a modified an...

The LUISA Base Map 2012 is a high-resolution land use/land cover map developed and produced by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission. It corresponds to a modified an...