To simulate NO2 and PM10 at very high resolution (100 m), a Land Use Regression model (LUR) was built using pollutant concentrations for 2010 from monitoring sites as dependent variable and several other parameters (independent variables) were defined within a...

Total population divided by total area (person/km2). This indicator is calculated by dividing the projected population in a region by the total area of the region.

A composite indicator reflecting the relative flood risk within urban areas by taking into account the natural exposure (predicted flooded area and mean depth), and the sensitivity of the city to flooding (population and infrastructure affected).

Urban population proportion. Proportion of the population living in Local Administrative Units - 2 (LAU2s) classified as cities, towns and suburbs. Classification of LAU2s as cities, towns and suburbs is based on the LUISA degree of urbanization projections. T...

Potential accessibility computed as, for each origin point, the sum of people at destinations divided by a transformation of travel time to those destinations. The transformation of travel times is through a general distance decay function.

The indicator shows the spatial distribution of PM2.5 (sub-25µm particulate matter in 100 kg/year) emissions over Europe.

A functional urban area consists of a city plus its commuting zone. This was formerly known as LUZ (larger urban zone). The source for the boundaries is: EuroGeographics Association for the administrative boundaries and DG REGIO.

This indicator cover the land classified as urban, industrial and commercial and urban green leisure. It provides data on residential, industrial and commercial areas per inhabitant in square meters for a specific year.

Share of the land classified as urban, industrial and commercial and urban green leisure. The indicator represents a percentage (%) of residential, industrial and commercial areas over total area.

Population weighted density refers to a metric which measures the density at which the average citizen lives. It is calculated by taking weighted average of the density of all parcels of land that make up a city, with each parcel weighted by its population (us...

This indicator sums up populations issued from LUISA model runs at a specified administrative level.

Historical population data from 1961 to 2011, based on a project supported by the Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy (see Gløersen and Lüer, 2013, population data collection for European local administrative units from 1960 onwards).  It contain...

The indicator measures the access to broadband and the quality of the connection in each municipality. The broadband speed has been classified into three different categories according to the quality of connection: below 30 Mbps (minimum required), between 3...

Percentage of residential houses, which have been built before 1950. Based on National Census and building stock statistics.

Removal by urban vegetation was calculated as the product of deposition velocity and PM10 concentration in areas covered by vegetation. Air pollutant deposition velocity was assessed following the approach proposed by Pistocchi et al. (2010) that estimates dep...

Removal by urban vegetation was calculated as the product of deposition velocity and NO2 concentration. Air pollutant deposition velocity was assessed following the approach proposed by Pistocchi et al. (2010) that estimates deposition velocity (DV) as a linea...

Total quantity of NOx emitted by human activities (100kg/year).

Build-up areas cover the land classified as urban, industrial and abandoned urban and industrial. Land take means the total land taken by built-up areas, in other words the amount of change in built-up areas, within a specific period. In this indicator, first ...

This indicator measures the dependence of a country’s tourism on distant international markets. It is calculated as the share of nights spent at accommodation establishments by foreign tourists arriving from distant origins. Within the European continent, the ...